Advantages and Disadvantages of Cat5 Data Cabling

The EIA / TIA-568-A Standard for Cat5 data cabling defines the parameters, both through rates and cabling length. Newer cable, such as Category 6, is capable of much higher speeds, but it also costs more than Cat5. When it was introduced in 1995, the specification that defined Cat5 data cabling, defined the upper limits of what four pairs of copper wire could do for data networking. Cable testing ensures that your network will work after the cable is fully installed and terminated.

Cat5 Data Cabling Specifications

The Cat5 cabling standard set forth performance metrics for Category 5 and Enhanced 5. The previous, Category 3, set the maximum cable speed as sixteen Mhz. Cat5 data cabling, however, is capable of speeds up to 100 Mhz. This was known as the 100-Base-T Network Standard, versus the previous 10-Base-T. The maximum length allowed for the permanent link, defined as the maximum distance allowed, including patch cords, between active devices on the network, must be no more than 90 meters. The Cat5 standard also sets testing standards for maximum allowable levels of attenuation, near- and far-end crosstalk (NEXT and FEXT), and delay and delay skew, and a number of other measurements based mostly on crosstalk.

Different Types of Tests

There are two basic types of tests that can be performed on data cabling, wiremapping and standards-based testing. The wiremap shows whether the cable is properly terminated at both ends as far as each color being terminated in the proper location. Standards-based testing further breaks down into simple verification that the cable meets the minimum standards of the Cat5 certification. When it's verified, the person performing the test simply compares the readings obtained against the standard. When the cable plant is certified, the end-user will receive a report giving the measurements obtained for each individual cable and where that cable goes. The cable tester tests for compliance of all cable metrics specified by the standard being tested to.

There Are Newer, More Expensive Options

The Cat5 data cabling standard is pretty old. This type of cabling is capable of running 100 Megabit Ethernet. The current standard in data cabling is Cat6 Augmented, which is capable of speeds up to ten Gigabits Ethernet. If you have very large amounts of data that regularly get sent around your network, Cat 6 might be what you need. However, if the amount of information being sent over your network is quite a bit smaller, and will remain so for the foreseeable future, Cat5 data cabling can save you a good deal of money in material costs. Cat5 data terminals are much easier to make properly than Cat6 terminals, too. Because Cat6 cabling is capable of such high speeds, the requirements for proper termination are much more stringent, requiring specialized training, whereas Cat5 terminations are relatively easy to make properly.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using a Forced Air Heater

If you want to provide warmth to your home or offices in a more conventional way then don't look beyond installing a Forced Air Heater as these units are considered to be popular in terms of home heating solutions provider. These units are generally preferred over other methods because of its low-cost of installation and are effective in fast heat delivery. These units provide the necessary warmth to the desired areas by passing the air through a heat source using a fan or a blower.

Heating your home, garage or office by using a forced air heater is by far the most common type of heating and cooling system. The reason why these products are generally preferred over others is they can run on various types of fuel sources from diesel to natural gas to gasoline to propane to electricity to kerosene to oil. When you compare them with their counterparts you will find them to be relatively compact in size and require an electric power supply for starting and generating heat.

Forced Air Heaters due to its portability and compact size are easy to carry and can be used in your home, car or basement. These units are available in a variety of heating capacity on the basis of which it can provide warmth to small as well as large areas. These heaters are also available in a wide range of sizes and shapes and because of the portable nature can be easily moved around the house or work place. Now-a-days these units are also being used in the industrial sector for providing warmth in the desired areas.

Advantages of Forced Air Heaters


1. The main advantage of having this system is it can be used for dual purpose both in the winters as well as summers. In the winter months it can be used to provide warmth into different rooms by blowing hot air via metal ducts and vents. Similarly, in the summers the same system can easily be used for cooling your rooms as well.


2. This system features thermostat controls that can be pre set for maintaining desired temperature in the room. If at all the room temperature drops below the desired levels, the thermostat control automatically supplies fuel to the burners which produces heat which is again blown through the ducts.


3. Moreover with the help of these units you can easily filter the air and if necessary you can also humidify and dehumidify the air inside the room.


4. This system provides one of the most cost-effective way to heat a home or office as it is rather inexpensive to install and can also be used as an air conditioner in the summers. Because of these reasons these units are commonly found in Northern America.

Disadvantages of Forced Air Heaters


1. As this system distributes heat through ducts and vents, your wall space gets occupied due to it.


2. To force air into the rooms, the system uses a powerful fan which sometimes produces loud noise. The continuous noise can be a bit annoying for you and your neighbors.


3. The air that is blown by the system can be hazardous and there is every possibility of the air bringing all sorts of pollens and allergy to your home and office.


4. The heat distribution process is somewhat uneven due to which your rooms may experience warmer and colder spots.


5. You need to filter the air on a regular basis and the system also requires a bit of regular maintenance.

Easy Application and Renewal of Car Insurance Policies

Buying Different Insurance Policies for Your Car

The car insurance policies available in the current Indian market differ and depend on the vehicle that you want to purchase. Insuring your car is as important as insuring your life from uncertainties. To suit the changing needs of people, the Indian insurance industry offers many different types of policies. No matter which car you own, availing adequate coverage to protect your vehicle is very important. Inadequate insurance coverage will do no good to your vehicle. When you plan to buy a vehicle insurance policy you need to keep in mind things about the cost of application, its coverage, policy period and other details. Usually people buy insurance policies that offer maximum coverage preferences. In order to avail professional coverage for your beloved car, you can meet the expert policy providers and ask them about available schemes.

Check the Coverage

Whenever you plan to buy vehicle insurance, you need to check its coverage details. Make sure to buy a policy that offers expected protection. You never know which natural calamity or a human error would damage your car. When it is insured from a well-reputed insurance company you receive required ama

• Disasters like fire strike and car accidents

• An act of damage or theft

• Natural calamities or an uncertain event

• Your car insurance policy would also cover costs related to damage repairs, crash or installation of new car parts.

Typically, buying a new car insurance policy from a secure and secured website is a fastest way to safeguard your asset. Thanks to loans and betterment of standard of living of the people, more and more families are able to buy their new dream car. With insurance policies, you can easily offer coverage to your dream vehicle and keep it protected.

Whether you want to buy a brand new policy or renew an already existing one, you can depend on the online portals. Car insurance renewal is a simple procedure that you can follow with just a few clicks. Typically, you can apply for a suitable vehicle insurance scheme as per your age. Just like the personal insurance, it is essential to apply for vehicle insurance at an early age. The younger you apply for a policy, higher the insurance premium will be. In order to avail genuine insurance policy for your vehicle, make sure to contact a reputed agent or a broker. They will help you find out all details about available policies and their coverage features.

As more and more people are planning to buy second hand and small cars, they find it simple to insure them from a professional broker. Easy online application and renewal procedure of the insurance policies allows people to quickly avail required services. Use the calculators to accurately calculate the policy premiums or use the tools to compare different policies. You can even find a policy that has been custom made as per personal requirements and coverage details.

The Rise of The Keyless Theft and How To Power Up Your Security

Auto theft rates have been on a decline for the last few years now, but a recent crime wave in the UK shows that modern vehicles with keyless technology are the new targets of the car thieves.

Keyless car entry is designed to provide convenience for owners but it is now being used by organized crime gangs and opportunistic criminals to break into and steal vehicles that are equipped with the technology. Over 85.000 vehicles were stolen in the United Kingdom with a staggering 56% rise in the number of stolen vehicles compared to last year. What is more worrying is that 70% of the owners claim they still had their car keys on them. Keyless car entry and engine start features are great examples of innovations in vehicle technology but the relay thefts show us that exploitation of technology will always be an issue.

A group of researchers from a German company called ADAC used radio transmitters to test which cars are susceptible to relay attacks. The Munich-based automobile club performed a study on dozens of cars to test a radio "amplification attack" that extends the range of unwitting drivers' key fobs to gain entry to cars and even start their ignitions. A whooping 110 cars from 27 different manufacturers were found to be at risk. ADAC says it successfully broke into 24 different cars, including European cars like the Audi A3, A4, and A6, BMW 730d, and Opel Ampera. It also found models like the Ford Galaxy, Kia Optima, and Toyota Rav4 were suspect, among many others. An ADAC spokesman told: "We are revealing this IT problem at more and more brands across different manufacturers.

So, how do the thieves make off with a car without needing the owner's keys? The relay theft essentially requires a device called a relay box and two people. The device performs a search for the radio signal generated by the key fob inside the house and boosts its range to 15 to 20 meters. One person holds the device within range of the victim's key while the other perpetrator remains close to the car. Normally, to prevent the abuse of keyless entry, vehicle computer systems have restrictions and can seek out the key signal only within a few meters from the car. The relay box tricks the car into thinking that the key is in close proxies and allows the criminals to break into the car and even start the engine. The whole process takes less a minute. Modern vehicles are costly investments and yet a gadget that costs only £ 30 lets hackers steal them without even breaking a sweat.

Thieves may seem to have the upper hand in this situation but let's not forget we live in a modern age where tech and security companies work tirelessly to find alternative ways to prevent relay attacks. Relay boxes need to pick up the signals from the key fob so the first order of business is to put your car keys in a container that blocks the radio signals. Securing the keys alone is obviously not enough; there are still adept thieves that can attempt to steal your car and with their experience, they might just be able to do it. That is why it is important to secure your car and delay the thieves as long as possible in the event of an actual theft attempt.

There are several gadgets and security systems that can help the car owners to fortify their defenses against these tech-savvy criminals. Manufacturers insist that modern-day vehicles are more secure than ever, but criminals prove them wrong all the time and that is precisely why car owners need to adopt additional security measures in place to prevent theft. Most car owners tend to think that car alerts are useless and they only make noise but as a deterrent, they are one of the best solutions on the market. It is worth spending some extra money on a high-end car alarm that can delay or completely dissuade the thief. Steering wheel locks are great visual deterrents as well. Cheap models may not have a chance at stopping the criminals but a top-quality wheel lock can give even the most accomplished thief a run for his money.

When it comes to car security though, there is nothing better than a vehicle tracking system. Vehicle trackers are armed with the best features to deal with the sophisticated thieves committing the relay attacks. State-of-the-art tools such as geo-fence zones, movement sensor, shock sensor and immobilization will ensure that no thief, no matter how experienced or skilled they are, will be able to get away with your car. And in case the worst should happen and criminals manage to steal your car, you can track the vehicle's precise location in real-time and inform the authorities. No other security system or device can offer the car owners the guaranteed safe return of their cars and that is why vehicle tracking devices are the best at what they do.

Common sense goes a long way in protecting your vehicle against theft attempts. People tend to be careless when it comes to their cars; they leave the keys in the ignition for quick stops, keep the doors open or leave valuable items in plain sight inside the car. You have to make sure not to provide a window of opportunity for theft and keep the security measures active all the time. Unfortunately, even the latest technologies have vulnerabilities that can be exploited by criminals. Cars, especially the new models, will always the preferred targets of criminals; that is why vehicle owners need to go the extra mile and invest in the best security systems on the market. Failure to do so might cost you an expensive car.

A Guide To Vehicle Tracking With Fleet Management Software

Maintaining and organizing fleet vehicles, field personnel or other assets is impossible without a reliable centralized system accessible at all levels of the business. Luckily these systems do exist and are referred to as fleet management software or vehicle tracking systems. There are a number of solutions available and these have been developed to handle all aspects of managing and maintaining a fleet as well as personnel and job dispatching. Each comes with a raft of features and capabilities making it difficult to choose a solution.

There are many companies providing vehicle tracking and fleet management software solutions. These fall into two types of system, online or locally installed software.

Online systems are usually a web-based or "in the cloud". They are accessed via a web interface or web browser where as a locally installed system is installed on a local computer. The pros and cons to these two systems are minimal and come down to IT infrastructure already in use by the business. If a business has an existing database to manage parts of the business then this data may need to be accessed by fleet management software and this may need a locally installed solution.

What features or capabilities make fleet management software a good investment for a business?

Centralized Data Storage

Having all information in one place is a must for organization of all aspects of a business. All good solutions enable the input and storage of vehicle information like service, MOT and road tax records. Driver records such as driving qualifications, medical requirements and endorsements can also be entered on to the system. Important vehicle and driver documents can be scanned and easily retrieved when required.

Vehicle Service Reminders, Alerts and Management

One really useful aspect of fleet management is the ability to set reminders or alerts for vehicle servicing, MOT or road tax due dates. Personnel can update the status of vehicle repairs and drivers can record any vehicle faults when completing daily checks.

Vehicle Tracking with GPS

An important feature when deciding on a fleet management solution is the ability to know where vehicles or personnel are located or where they have been. Vehicle tracking is usually achieved with the installation of a small device in the vehicle or in the case of personnel or assets a small device can be carried in a pocket or attached. Once setup it is possible to see vehicles, people and assets in real-time on maps. Knowing where all the business assets are allowed the fleet manager or transport dispatcher to assign the right asset to the correct location.

Job Assignment and Dispatch

This is a very useful feature but not all fleet management systems feature it. The ability to assign jobs via the system is a really useful function. Mobile personnel, drivers or field engineers can update the job status, upload images and signatures enabling back office staff to immediately see and inform a customer of progress. These systems can be installed on existing devices such as smart iPhones, Android and Blackberry handsets.

History Trails and Reports

When all of a business's data is stored in a centrally managed system it is easy to compile reports that can improve efficiency and even save money.

Detailed reports on individual assets such as vehicles can show total running costs for that vehicle. Vehicle tracking information can show how much fuel has been used and help to suggest cheaper alternative routes. This combined data from personnel can help a business to see where efficiencies can be achieved.

To summarize, fleet management software and vehicle tracking solutions should enhance a business and if used correctly and should improve the operating and efficiency of a business's mobile resources. The savings that can be achieved may be out-weighed by the costs of the systems but that should also be balanced against the increased productivity and the ability to offer a better service to clients.

Laying a Patio Floor - A Builder's Useful Tips

Laying a patio can be a challenging task if you do not have the proper plan in place. There are many types of patios one can chose to lay. Patios can range from wood to brick to stone. Once you select the type of patio that needs to be installed the handy work can begin.

Installing a stone patio is an excellent way to show creativity and individuality. There are many colors and designs to choose from. To start gather your supplies. These can include gloves, dusk mask, mason twine, carbide tipped awl, goggles and ear protection. It is important to remember your safety equipment when preparing to work with grinders and saws. This brings up the next items needed, tools.

These will include: steel rake, bush broom, spade shovel, square shovel, wheelbarrow, level and rod, angle grinder, tape measure, circle cutter, pointing trowel, hand rake, hand tamper, plate compactor, circle saw, rubber mallet, hand sledge, and skid-steer loader. Once all your tools and supplies are collected execute the floor plan. Include in this plan the height, width and length of your patio. This can be easily done by using graph paper. Be sure to also know your land. It is important to know where the ground freezes or if there are any water or gas lines in the vicinity so they can be worked around.

A stone patio can be installed in eight simple steps. First, excavate the site. To do this drive three foot stakes in the ground in the corners of the area the patio will be laid. Use the level to find a benchmark. Next setting the base will need to occur.

Cover the sub-grade with a crushed stone and dust base. Be sure to water the base to keep the dust down. Use the plate compactor to assist in this step. Once the base is set mix the cement in the wheelbarrow in order to lay the stone. Once the mix is ​​to desired thickness, spread the mix in the base where stone will be laid one stone at a time. Now that the bed is set lay the stone into the setting bed smooth side facing up lined up with the other stones.

Tap the stone into place with a rubber mallet. Once in place use the level to be sure all stones are even with the next. Repeat this process until area is covered with stone. If necessary cut the stones with carbide-tipped awl to make sure stones fit evenly. Remember to use goggles, gloves and earplugs for this process. When the patio is dry enough to walk on dust the joints with a stone dust to better hold the stones in place. Hose the patio down to assist in packing the dusting.

Once the patio is set and dry pull out the summer temperature of choice, lawn chair and kick back and admire the finished product. Many do not believe they have the handyman knack but these simple steps make laying a patio look as easy as sipping lemonade on a hot summer day.

Becoming a Help Desk Manager

The responsibility of the person working on a help desk manager job is to become a more important part in the organization structure for the company. To become a help ask manager one should not only have excellent costumer service skills and a very good personality, but also have a keen awareness about the industry. Specialized training will also be required to become a help desk manager. Perform research to find out exactly what is required to become a help desk manager. In order to become a help desk engineer you have to receive training in the relevant field.

You have to obtain a degree in information technology or you can also get a bachelor degree in computer science. There are also some of the companies who require just two years of college degree. It is good if they have an experience in customer service. Having computer knowledge is also a better thing. Have a certificate from your academic training to become a desk engineer. The Computer Technology Industry Association, Help Desk Institute and Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician are a few popular certifications in the industry. This help desk professionals are either fled where all the common questions support staff within the company or the vendors. Be ready for the pre-firing examination. This exam you have to conduct to show your self that you are having a clear understanding about the role of the help desk engineer. This will provide you more information and more knowledge about the help desk engineer. By searching the online database locate a help position of desk engineer around or in your area. Help desk manager job has a bright future.