Hard Drive History

The hard drive is an important part of modern day computing, because it allows for information to be stored and then accessed at a later point. However, the modern day drive has its roots in technology that was developed over 50 years ago. The first drive was developed in 1956 and resembled what would look like a modern day air conditioning unit. The units of yesterday had extremely small storage capacities yet took up 100 times as much room. As technology evolved, the capacities of hard drives increased while they took up less and less space.

The Early Days

The first idea of ​​a unit to store and receive data was imagined in 1953 by engineers at IBM. They recognized the need of a piece of hardware that could have high capacity, rapid access to the data, and be cheap to construct. The first technologies considered were wire matrices, rod arrays and even drum arrays. However, the disk drive was finally settled on as the unit of choice because of its ease of construction and easy mechanics. The first drive was the IBM 305 RAMAC system which could store 4.4 megabytes at a cost of $ 160,000 in today's money.

1950s-1970s

The IBM 350 disk file turned out to be a very big success for IBM and the age of the hard drive was officially born. However, the performance of this first device was laughable in comparison to what the cheapest units can achieve today. The IBM 350 disk file was capable of accessing the information in less than 1 second - in comparison almost all hard drives in existence today can access information in just a few milliseconds. However, access time soon decreased substantively and by 1961 the 4000 series disk drives were capable of an access time of just 50 ms. In 1973, IBM introduced the IBM 3340 disk drive. This was the first hard drive that made use of lubricated and low mass media to ensure smooth operation and less maintenance.

The Personal Computer Era

When the personal computer revolution began in the 1980s, the primary means of storing and retrieving data on a computer was via floppy disks. Thus, most personal computers lacked a hard drive because they were still too expensive to manufacture and they could not compete with floppy disks in terms of pure storage capacity. However, by the late 1980s they were starting to replace floppy disks as the primary method of storage on personal computers. By the mid-1990s virtually all personal computers shipped with some type of internal drive because they were now much cheaper than floppy disks in terms of the amount of storage available.

Present

After the hard drive became a staple in the personal computer industry in the early 1990s, they have continued to become faster, smaller, and with higher capacities. Hard drives are currently extremely cheap and can store large amounts of information, some on the order of up to 5 terabytes of data. The future of the devices is not clear, but most experts agree that they will be phased out and replaced with the much more technologically advanced solid state drive. A solid state drive does not have moving parts and therefore has a longer lifespan and is easier to maintain versus a normal hard drive.

SEO for Business IT Marketing

Onsite SEO is related to everything on your actual website. Titles, meta decryption, internal linking, keywords density, sitemaps, alt tags for images and video. Keywords are the words or phrases that potential customers type when searching for your products or services on search engines.

Ranking high for relevant keywords matters because it brings your business to the top of the search results, helping you reach more potential customers. Offsite most important are: Listings refer to all the sites and directories where your business's information appears. Listings matter because they enable potential customers to find you or your business on relevant sites, and because they can improve your position on search engines like Yahoo, Google or Bing. If not, you're missing out on reaching consumers at the most critical stage of the buying cycle - when they're comparing products, price and services to choose a business. Do not assume that having a website is enough to succeed online. With many of your competitors already promoting themselves online, you need to make sure your web presence is effective as well on all major local search sites. The good news is that promoting yourself online and expanding your clientele can be easy and affordable. By investing in your online marketing, you can attract new customers while reducing your overall advertising budget!

One of these other SEO strategies is called ATO (Ad Text Optimization) which is a type of paid search advertising. Now, a successful SEO campaign can create organic traffic (a natural relevance to search terms instead of being an advertisement), but it could also include paid advertising, creating great quality web pages, setting up a way for owners to gauge their online success, and improving a website's conversion rate (which is the ratio of people who visit a site versus the amount of people who take action). The problem with SEO is that search engines change their algorithms and there are no guarantees on continued referrals. Because of this a business that may require a lot of help from search engine traffic could suffer losses if a search engine stops sending visitors to their site. This being the case it is advised to keep from dependence on search engine traffic. Most search marketers will share that it is better to receive traffic from links as they are stronger. For advice on how to link your business website to another website, you should seek professional company for help.

Google Chrome Crashes on Windows 7 - Tips To Resolve This Problem

There are so many users that claimed Chrome crashes and a message appears telling the application has closed and prompts them for sending the error report. There is basically no reason for this problem. The problem was reported while the users were surfing the internet or downloading something. T

Steps to Stop Crashing Problem in Your Web Browser:

1. Run Chrome without Sandbox


2. Set Default Settings


3. Fix Google Chrome Registry Entries


4. Clear Browsing Data and Browser Cache


5. Reset the Default Theme


6. Remove Third-Party Extensions

Run Chrome without Sandbox

Modify the file properties so that Chrome will not run with sandbox. This helps fixing your problem. Follow these steps:

1. Close Chrome if it is already open.


2. Click Start button on the Taskbar.


3. Click All Programs | Chrome.


4. Right click the file shortcut Chrome, and select Properties.


5. In the Target text box, you will see the target path of Chrome. Type the following next to the existing path:


--no-sandbox


For example, after the modification, the Target text box may contain value in this manner: "C:UsersSmital & VikasAppDataLocalGoogleChromeApplicationchrome.exe"--no-sandbox


6. Click Apply, then OK button.


7. Open Google Chrome again. The problem shall not persist again.

Set Default Settings

If you had changed the settings, set them to defaults. Chrome crashes on Windows 7 due to incorrect settings you had set-up. To restore the browser settings to defaults, do below steps:

1. Open Google Chrome.


2. Click the Settings button at the right hand side of the Address Bar.


3. Click Options | Under the Hood | Reset to Defaults.

Fix Chrome Registry Entries

Google Chrome crashes on Windows 7 if the registry entries are improperly modified. Missing registry keys or registry keys with improper values may lead to runtime errors and thereby the problem occurs. You are recommended to scan the entire system registry and review the result. Attempt the registry repair process using third-party Registry Cleaner software.

Clear Browsing Data and Browser Cache

Google Chrome crashes on Windows 7 by the corrupted cache contents and problems with the stored browsing data. Delete the browsing data and clear the contents of the cache to resolve this problem.

1. Open Chrome.


2. Click the Settings button at the right hand side of the Address Bar.


3. Click Tools | Clear Browsing Data.


1. Click Chrome Data tab, and then on Clear browsing data.

Reset the Default Theme

Chrome enables customizing itself by applying variety of themes available on the internet. If you had recently applied a theme which no longer works properly, it results in Chrome crash on Windows 7. It is recommended to set the original theme.

1. Open Chrome.


2. Click the Settings button at the right hand side of the Address Bar.


3. Click Options | Personal Stuff | Reset to Default Theme.

Experts Advice

Establishing Your Business Network

The business network is one of the most valuable tools that any business can possess. While having a great business idea and or product can get you rolling, the connections you make with the business world are what keep you going. Business networks do not just fall in your lap, either. They are something every business owner needs to work on developing and refining.

Build your network

The initial creation of your business and its products and services can lead us to focus on developing these aspects, while neglecting the development of growth. Business networks allow us to reach out to others and help our business grow- and the effect is mutual. This two-way street is important to keep in mind. While it may seem that someone is valuable to you, they will need to see you as a beneficial network to them as well. So keep in mind that you have to bring value to the table, too.

Interact with established business networks

One of the best places to start your own networking is with those that are already searching for their own business networks. Whether it's online or local, there are groups which primary purpose is to network. These meetings can be regular or casual, but it is imperative that if you join. You must create an image that others want to work with (be courteous to others).

Online, you can use your own media sources, such as your web page, social media accounts, and business forums to interact with others. While networking with other business is important, there are often individuals, some you man know and others you may meet, out there that can help you in your business venture. Always keep an eye out for future network opportunities, where they may exist.

Network with the right people

When you network for your business, it's all about meeting people. But, it is important to remember that not everyone is going to be able to offer your business a valuable asset (advice, connections, benefits), so you need to spend your time wisely. Stick with connecting to those that are going to provide a value to your business and avoid spending precious time with those who will not benefit you (or even hold you back). This keeps your network flowing smoothly, preventing any cholesterol from clogging up the arteries of your business.

Making the connection

Handing out a business card or your e-mail address is not the only step to networking. In business, relationships are developed with an investment of time, just like a friendship. You can not hand out your name and expect folks to immediately bond with you- so you talk to them. You work at building a relationship of trust by continuing interacting with them. Social media is an awesome business device, so take advantage of it. If you have profiles on Facebook and Twitter, make sure you keep up with them and interact with your fellow networkers as well. Discussion and advice are usually common on forums, so make sure you get in there and get involved with your networks.

Building your business involves more than just the business itself, it's also about those around you. What can they do for you, and what can you do for them- develops a relationship. These business networks are precious to a growing business, allowing new doors to open in every direction, and then helping us grow towards success.

Top 10 Things to Look For in a Guitar Teacher

Figuring out what to look for in a guitar teacher can be a daunting task. There is always the uncertainty and doubt of whether or not you will have good chemistry with your teacher. After all: you will be putting yourself in a vulnerable position, making mistakes and doing things you can not do well - all in the presence of a stranger. The following list of the top 10 things to look for in a guitar teacher will help you in your search for a teacher and guide you in your choice of who to study guitar with.

1. Preparedness

Knowing that your guitar teacher has a teaching plan and is actively taking notes while you're playing is a good indicator that he is not simply trying to take your money. Some guitar teachers charge a lot, but offer little to no feedback on your performances during lessons. When a teacher is prepared, you will get more bang for your buck. "Preparedness" more specifically means that the guitar instructor has:

a) A significant database of audio files of songs to teach. A database of about 40,000 songs is a big plus

b) A music library in his teaching studio that covers theory, chords, techniques, exercises, literature and more about the instrument he lectures

c) An extensive library of chord charts and sheet music so he does not use up valuable lesson time having to write down lesson materials while you are waiting to be taught.

2. Friendly, Supportive and Firm

A friendly, supportive and firm guitar teacher will make a big difference in your musical growth. For example, if you are not practicing as much as you should in the week following a lesson, a good teacher will hold you accountable for that. It may not be "enjoyable" to hear his criticism, but his candidness and upfront honesty will certainly earn your respect and trust. On the same note, a good guitar coach also needs to possess the right amount of friendship and warmth of personality and diplomacy to convey his criticism without making you feel bad or without offending you.

After all: an instructor who is only being firm without being supportive will not motivate or inspire you to start practicing more diligently. An experienced guitar teacher knows how to strike a fair balance between being firm and supportive.

3. Patient and Understanding

A patient and understanding teacher can do wonders for your musical progress and growth. An important key ingredient is that you feel comfortable in his presence and vibes. Great teachers are firm and on the ball, but also very supportive and patient when you are struggling with newly covered information. It is critical that at any given time it is okay for you to make mistakes - that is what you are there for. "Making mistakes" is not only part of your growth and learning process, it is a necessity. You will never play your best during a lesson and your teacher knows that. If a teacher shows any sign of impatience when you are struggling, look for another teacher immediately. You deserve better.

4. Working From A Professional Studio

A teaching studio tells a lot about the guitar teacher who owns it. The environment you learn in needs to be conducive to learning. If a studio is organized and professional, you will be more apt to learn information easier because you will be focused. Having a well-organized studio and being more focused is beneficial because you will get things done quicker. When a guitar instructor is fumbling through stacks of papers looking for the resources he needs, you will become distracted and learn slower.

5. Versatile

Versatility is an important asset to look for in a guitar teacher. Every student will not want to learn the same songs in the same style, nor will every student be on the same level as others. A guitar teacher should always be on his toes and know how to help anyone at any level of playing to improve. Being able to help a guitarist regardless of his current style or mastery is an important factor in being a great guitar coach.

6. Has an On-Hand Database

A teacher who has an adequate database of learning materials such as chord and tablature charts will make a big difference in improving your guitar skill. A guitar teacher's database should consist of at least 30 thousand different songs and he should be able to pull something up in rough a minute. You will get more out of each lesson with your guitar instructor if he has a well established on-hands database because less lesson time will be sent looking for certain music and more time will be sent playing and receiving direction.

7. Driven

Being a driven musician often translates into being a motivated teacher. Fantastic music teachers are focused and constantly helping you improve in any way possible. A good guitar teacher will constantly correct and push a student in a support way. When you are constantly guided, corrected, challenged and motivated to push the boundaries, you will gain more in 1 lesson than you would in 5 weeks of self-study. An imperative trait of a top music coach is that he has a strong drive to help you succeed in your goals. Your progress is his focus.

8. Pushes You Out of Your Comfort Zone

When you do not feel a little bit uncomfortable, your teacher is spending your time, talent and money. It is when you are out of your comfort zone, that you really learn. Think about it: if you are feeling very comfortable, you are basically doing things you can already do. "Learning" is the result of doing things you can not do yet. A top guitar coach will have you spend 90% (or more) of the lesson time on things you struggle with and only 10% (or less) time on things that come easy to you. The instructor's job is to then spend that 90% of the time guiding you in being able to overcome the fights so you can move to the next levels in your playing.

9. Focused More on Teaching Than Being a Musician

A fantastic guitar teacher is not just someone who knows how to play guitar and shows you what to do. Teaching guitar requires a completely different skill set than playing. A necessary trait for an effective guitar teacher is that he enjoys teaching just as much as playing guitar and is passionate about it. A great guitar instructor is excited about showing you how incredibly magical music is and has your best interest at heart. If you can hear a drive in your guitar teacher and knows it has passion for music, you will probably have a wonderful guitar coach.

10. Inspiring and Creative

When a guitar teacher is able to relate music to life experiences, he is able to reach a student musically as well. Being able to see a connection between music and life is a very significant factor in learning how to improve your ability. Music is not simply about playing notes on a piece of paper, it's about the emotions and creativity that go behind the notes on the paper. Having a teacher who knows this and explains it often can make learning guitar an incredible, unforgivable experience.

Does Circumcision Decrease the Fertility of Sperm in the Male?

Is it possible that circumcision (removal of the foreskin) can cause a decrease in a man's fertility over a man who has never been circumcised, all other factors being the same? Especially when one's sperm comes from the testicles and not the penis. Is some degree of infertility connected to circummision?

The research on circumcision on sperm quality and quantity has been under debt for some time. It appears that the medical community that profits from circumcision feels it will not affect male fertility. Some in the medical community, researchers, and everyday people believe that it does. It appears that the sentence is split.

However, birth rates are much higher in countries where the men are predominately uncircumcised. How is it possible that circumcision could affect fertility in the male?

The testicles hang outside of the body because sperm are very temperature sensitive. They have to be cooler than normal body temperature to survive. It is known that men have a higher quantity and quality of sperm in the colder months than in the warmer months. So men are most potent in the colder months. It is believed that in the hotter months, the sperm are damaged due to hot temperatures building up in a man's underwear and, basically, cooking some of the sperm. This is why boxers are preferred over conventional underwear for sperm health. With tight underwear, the testicles are forced closer to the body. This damages the sperm from the elevated temperature of being up against the body.

So we understand that sperm are very temperature sensitive.

Now here's where it gets interesting:

Circumcised men have a significantly higher resting temperature than their penises then men who are uncircumcised. Men who are uncircumcised have cooler trousers than men who are circumcised. When either group becomes aroused, their penis temperatures rise to the same temperature.

There is no question that an uncircumcised man has a cooler penis than a circumcised man in the flaccid state. For some reason, removal of the foreskin is the reason for this. There seems to be some sort of temperature sensor in the foreskin that may control penile temperature. Removing the foreskin gets rid of this sensor.

It only takes a few temperature degrees of difference to damage sperm. As the penis is in close proximity to the testicles, it's quite likely that a cooler penis would help keep the testicles cooler (Remember that men are more potent in the colder months of the year). Under these condition, if the testicles got too cold, they can always be retracted closer to the body.

But if the circumcised man has such a (relative) hot penis, what happens when this hot penis is bunched up in your underwear against your testicles? That's correct ... It will make the testicles hotter. So when the cremasteric muscles relax to allow the testicles to drop down as far as possible to get away from this heat ... What happens? It does not make any difference, as they are resting next to this "hot" penis.

Remember, it only takes a few degrees in temperature change to damage sperm.

The foreskin has many functions and this is one of them. Mother Nature gifted man with a foreskin for numerous reasons. One of those reasons keeps the penis cooler, there is no denying that. Could foreskin removal affect a man's fertility? It certain seems feasible.

Now consider this: Circumcised and uncircumcised men have the same penis temperature on fullection, as we stated earlier in this article. So, clearly, there is a specific reason why a natural-uncircumcised penis remains at a cooler temperature during the flaccid state. When the penis is erect it is no longer in close proximity with the testicles, so penile temperature should not affect the testicular temperature at this phase (be the penal circumcised or uncircumcised).

Upon orgasm, the penis tends to retract more into the pelvis (at least with my experience). Due to the friction and increased blood flow that occurred during the sexual act, it makes sense that the penal will have an increase in temperature in a flaccid state post-sex than in a flaccid state previous to the sexual act. Could this retraction be another mechanism for the "heated" penis to steer clear of the testicles?

Perhaps one day we will have the knowledge to know how the foreskin is related to penile temperature.

How To Create An Invoice That Reflects Your Professionalism?

Every business, whether small or big needs a customized invoice that reflects their status and professionalism. An invoice is a proof that can benefit the seller and buyer at all times. An invoice in reality is a proof that is made for the transactions between the seller and the buyer for the products sold or the services rendered. Therefore, it is an inevitable part of any business. There are many ways to create a good invoice as it can be created both manually and by downloading invoice templates from the different websites and software programs.

The irony of invoices is that though they serve the same purpose, each of them differs according to the business transactions and the nature of the dealings. There are different types and forms, therefore the business men should first decide on what form they need their invoice and customize it accordingly.

There are some essential details that have to be included in every form of invoice. Some of them are the name and address of the business concern or the manufacturers, the date that the invoice has been created, the official phone number used for the business and of course the name of the person dealing the business. The other important details that should be incorporated are the exact description about the services rendered or about the goods sold.

The credit memo and the debt memo especially deal with issues related with the refund matters. The credit memo is issued when the buyer returns the goods that he has bought and gets the repayment for it. In the same manner, when a company is not able to keep up its promise on the delivery time or has related issues, the debt memo is issued as a proof for the amount to be paid along with the penalty.

The importance of a good invoice in all business transactions and transactions is an undisputable fact. It is a solid proof which is upheld in any court in case the project or the sale is contested. Therefore, care should be taken to incorporate all the necessary details that can help a buyer as well as the seller in case of any untoward incidents or disputes.